Research on psychological aspects of normal aging is now mature and middle-aged. Major longitudinal studies have collected data for up to 50 years of repeated observations, versions of the Handbook of the Psychology of Aging and chapters reviewing the psychology of normal aging have been written for up to 30 years, and the handbook is now in its 6th edition. In this chapter we take a life span approach that is focused on adult development and aging (Siegler 2007a). Thus, it is possible to cite previously published chapters on the normal psychology of aging for geriatric psychiatry (Poon and Siegler 1991; Siegler 1980; Siegler and Poon 1989; Siegler et al. 1996, 2004) and to focus here on the exciting data that recently have become available from mature longitudinal studies and from cross-sectional studies in cognition and neuropsychology, as well as personality and behavioral medicine, that routinely cross disciplinary boundaries. Since the last edition of this textbook, a series of edited volumes have presented reviews in areas of the psychology of normal aging (Birren and Schaie 2006; Carstensen and Hartel 2006; Costa and Siegler 2004) and of health and aging (Aldwin et al. 2007; Markides 2007); these reviews have updated the detailed information presented in the previously published chapters cited above. Attention to how ethnic factors may shape normal psychology of aging are now well recognized (Jackson et al. 2004), and ethnic variations in dementia are being considered (Dilworth-Anderson et al. 2005a, 2005b), as are discussions of cognitive changes with aging (integrated with neuroimaging and neurosciences [Madden and Whiting 2004; Pierce et al. 2004]), including work in motivation, emotion, and social functioning (Carstensen et al. 2006). Summaries from these recent volumes are presented in this chapter.